Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Describe what government is.

B.     Explain the purposes of rules and laws and why they are important in the classroom, school, community, state and nation.

C.     Define the principles and ideals shaping government.

D.     Identify the document which created Pennsylvania.

E.      Identify documents of United States government.

F.      Explain the meaning of a preamble.

G.     Describe the purpose of the United States Flag, The Pledge of Allegiance and The National Anthem.

H.     Identify framers of documents of governments.

I.        Explain why government is necessary in the classroom, school, community, state and nation and the basic purposes of government in Pennsylvania and the United States.

J.       Explain the importance of respect for the property and the opinions of others.

K.     Identify symbols and political holidays.

L.      Identify ways courts resolve conflicts involving principles and ideals of government.

M.    Identify portions of famous speeches and writings that reflect the basic principles and ideals of government.

A.     Explain the purpose of government.

B.     Explain the importance of the rule of law for the protection of individual rights and the common good in the community, state, nation and world.

C.     Describe the principles and ideals shaping government.

D.     Explain the basic principles and ideals within documents of Pennsylvania government.

E.      Explain the basic principles and ideals within documents of United States government.

F.      Explain the meaning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

G.     Describe the proper use, display and respect for the United States Flag and explain the significance of patriotic activities.

H.     Describe the roles played by the framers of the basic documents of government of Pennsylvania.

I.        Describe the necessity of government in the classroom, school, community, state and nation and the basic purposes of government in Pennsylvania.

J.       Explain the importance of respect for the property and the opinions of others.

K.     Describe the purpose of symbols and holidays.

L.      Explain the role of courts in resolving conflicts involving the principles and ideals of government.

M.    Explain the basic principles and ideals found in famous speeches and writings.

A.     Explain the purpose of government.

B.     Explain the importance of the rule of law for the protection of individual rights and the common good in the community, state, nation and world.

C.     Describe the principles and ideals shaping government.

D.      

E.      Explain the basic principles and ideals within documents of United States government.

F.      Explain the meaning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States.

G.     Describe the proper use, display and respect for the United States Flag and explain the significance of patriotic activities.

H.     Describe the roles played by the framers of the basic documents of government of the United States.

I.        Describe the necessity of government in the classroom, school, community, state and nation and the basic purposes of government in the United States.

J.       Describe how the government protects individual and property rights and promotes the common good.

K.     Describe the purposes of symbols and holidays.

L.      Explain the role of courts in resolving conflicts involving the principles and ideals of government.

M.     Explain the basic principles and ideals found in famous speeches and writings.

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Identify examples of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

B.     Identify personal rights and responsibilities.

C.     Identify sources of conflict and disagreement and different ways conflicts can be resolved.

D.     Identify the importance of political leadership and public service in the school, community, state and nation.

E.      Describe ways citizens can influence the decisions and actions of government.

F.      Explain the benefits of following rules and laws and the consequences of violating them.

G.     Identify ways to participate in government and civic life.

A.     Compare rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

B.     Explain the relationship between rights and responsibilities.

C.     Explain ways citizens resolve conflicts in society and government.

D.     Describe the importance of political leadership and public service.

E.      Identify examples of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

F.      Describe the impact of the consequence of violating rules and laws in a civil society.

G.     Explain the importance of participating in government and civic life.

A.     Compare rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

B.     Explain the relationship between rights and responsibilities.

C.     Explain ways citizens resolve conflicts in society and government.

D.     Describe the importance of political leadership and public service.

E.      Identify examples of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

F.      Describe the impact of the consequence of violating rules and laws in a civil society.

G.     Explain the importance of participating in government and civic life.

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Identify the elected representative bodies responsible for making local, Pennsylvania and United States laws.

B.     Identify the role of the three branches of government.

C.     Identify reasons for rules and laws in the school and community.

D.     Identify services performed by the local, state and national governments.

E.      Identify positions of authority at school and in local, state and national governments.

F.      Explain what an election is.

G.     Explain why being treated fairly is important.

H.     Identify individual interests and explain ways to influence others.

I.        Explain why taxes are necessary and identify who pays them.

J.       Identify the role of the media in society.

K.     Identify different ways people govern themselves.

A.     Compare the structure, organization and operation of local and state governments.

B.     Describe the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government.

C.     Explain how government actions affect citizens’ daily lives.

D.     Describe how local, state and national governments implement their services.

E.      Identify major leaders of local, state and national governments and their primary duties.

F.      Describe the voting process.

G.     Describe how the government protects individual rights.

H.     Identify individual interests and how they impact government.

I.        Describe why and how government raises money to pay for its operations and services.

J.        

K.     Describe forms of government.

A.     Compare the structure, organization and operation of state and national governments.

B.     Describe the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government.

C.     Explain how government actions affect citizens’ daily lives.

D.      

E.       

F.       

G.     Describe how the government protects individual rights.

H.      

I.        Describe why and how government raises money to pay for its operations and services.

J.       Describe the influence of media in reporting issues.

K.     Describe forms of government.

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Identify how customs and traditions influence governments.

B.     Recognize that the world is divided into various political units.

C.     Identify ways in which countries interact with the United States.

D.     Identify treaties and other agreements between or among nations.

E.      Identify how nations work together to solve problems.

A.      

B.      

C.      

D.     Describe the processes that resulted in a treaty or agreement between the United State and another nation-state.

E.       

A.     Explain the concept of nation-states.

B.     Describe how nation-states coexist in the world community.

C.      

D.     Describe the processes that resulted in a treaty or agreement between the United States and another nation-state.

E.       

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Describe how individuals, families and communities with limited resources make choices.

B.     Describe alternative methods of allocating goods and services and advantages and disadvantages of each.

C.     Identify local economic activities.

D.     Identify examples of local businesses opening, closing, expanding or contracting.

A.     Describe and identify the characteristics of traditional, command and market systems.

B.     Explain the three basic questions that all economic systems attempt to answer.

C.     Define measures of economic activity and relate them to the health of the economy.

D.      

A.

B.

C.

D.

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Define and identify goods, services, consumers and producers.

B.     Identify ways local businesses compete to get consumers.

C.     Identify and compare means of payment.

D.     Identify groups of competing producers in the local area.

E.      Identify who supplies and who demands a product.

F.      Define price and identify the prices of different items.

G.     Define what a tax is and identify a tax paid by most families.

H.     Identify government involvement in local economic activities.

I.        Identify goods and services produced by the government.

J.       Explain the relationship between taxation and government services.

K.     Identify forms of advertising designed to influence personal choice.

L.      Explain why most countries create their own form of money.

A.     Describe market transactions in terms of goods, services, consumers and producers.

B.     Describe the costs and benefits of competition to consumers in markets.

C.     Explain the function of money and its use in society.

D.     Define economic institutions.

E.      Explain how the interaction of buyers and sellers determines prices and quantities exchanged.

F.      Describe how prices influence both buyers and sellers and explain why prices may vary for similar products.

G.     Explain how taxes affect the price of goods and services.

H.      

I.        Identify and describe public goods.

J.       Explain the cost and benefits of taxation.

K.     Explain how advertisements influence perceptions of the costs and benefits of economic decisions.

L.

A.      

B.      

C.     Explain the function of money and its use in society.

D.      

E.       

F.       

G.     Explain how taxes affect the price of goods and services.

H.      

I.         

J.       Explain the cost and benefits of taxation.

K.     Explain how advertisements influence perceptions of the costs and benefits of economic decisions.

L.       

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Define scarcity and identify limited resources.

B.     Identify and define wants of different people.

C.     Identify and define natural, human and capital resources.

D.     Identify costs and benefits associated with an economic decision.

E.      Explain what is given up when making a choice.

F.      Explain how self interest influences choice.

A.     Explain how scarcity influences choices and behaviors.

B.     Explain how limited resources and unlimited wants cause scarcity.

C.     Describe the natural, human and capital resources used to produce a specific good or service.

D.      

E.      Define opportunity cost and describe the opportunity cost of a personal choice.

F.      Explain how negative and positive incentives affect choice.

A.     Explain how scarcity influences choices and behaviors.

B.     Explain how limited resources and unlimited wants cause scarcity.

C.     Describe the natural, human and capital resources used to produce a specific good or service.

D.     Explain the costs and benefits of an economic decision.

E.       

F.       

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Define specialization and the concept of division of labor.

B.     Explain why people trade.

C.     Explain why goods, services and resources come from all over the nation and the world.

D.     Identify local resources.

E.      Define specialization and identify examples of interdependence.

F.      Explain why some products are produced locally while others are not.

G.      Identify local geographic patterns of economic activities.

A.     Explain the advantages and disadvantages of specialization and division of labor.

B.     Explain how specialization leads to more trade between people and nations.

C.     Identify and define imports, exports, inter-regional trade and international trade.

D.     Explain how the location of resources, transportation and communication networks and technology have affected Pennsylvania economic patterns.

E.      Explain how specialization and trade lead to interdependence.

F.      Explain how opportunity costs influence where goods and services are produced locally and regionally.

G.     Describe the geographic patterns of economic activities in Pennsylvania.

A.     Explain the advantages and disadvantages of specialization and division of labor.

B.     Explain how specialization leads to more trade between people and nations.

C.     Identify and define imports, exports, inter-regional trade and international trade.

D.     Explain how the location of resources, transportation and communication networks and technology have affected United States economic patterns.

E.      Explain how specialization and trade lead to interdependence.

F.      Explain how opportunity costs influence where goods and services are produced locally and regionally.

G.     Describe geographic patterns of economic activities in regions of the United States.

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grade

A.     Explain why people work to get goods and services.

B.     Identify different occupations.

C.     Describe businesses that provide goods and businesses that provide services.

D.     Define profit and loss.

E.      Identify examples of assets.

F.      Define entrepreneurship and identify entrepreneurs in the local community.

G.     Define saving and explain why people save.

H.     Explain how banks bring savers and borrowers together.

A.     Recognize that the availability of goods and services is the result of work by members of the society.

B.     Explain the concept of labor productivity.

C.     Compare the number of employees at different businesses.

D.     Explain how profits and losses serve as incentives.

E.      Describe how people accumulate tangible and financial assets through income, saving and financial investment.

F.      Identify entrepreneurs in Pennsylvania.

G.     Identify the costs and benefits of saving.

H.     Describe why there is a difference between interest rates for saving and borrowing.

A.     Recognize that the availability of goods and services is the result of work by members of the society.

B.     Explain the concept of labor productivity.

C.      

D.      

E.       

F.     

G.

H.