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SOCIAL STUDIES SCOPE AND
SEQUENCE
Grades 6-8
Pennsylvania Content
Standards - Mifflin County Benchmarks
Civics and Government
| 5.1 Principles and Documents of Government |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American Cultures |
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A. |
Explain the purpose of government. |
Identify and explain the major arguments
advanced for the necessity of government. |
Identify and explain the major arguments advanced for the
necessity of government. |
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B. |
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Describe historical examples of the
importance of the rule of law. |
Describe historical examples of the importance of the rule
of law. |
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C. |
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Analyze the principles and ideals that
shape government. |
Analyze the principles and ideals that shape government. |
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D. |
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Interpret significant changes in the basic documents shaping
the government of Pennsylvania. |
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E. |
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Analyze the basic documents shaping the government of the
United States. |
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F. |
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Contrast the individual rights created by the Pennsylvania
Constitution and those created by the Constitution of the United States. |
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G. |
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Describe the procedures of proper uses, display and respect
for the United States Flag as per the National Flag Code. |
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H. |
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Explain and interpret the roles of framers of basic
documents of government from a national and Pennsylvania perspective. |
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I. |
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Explain the essential characteristics of limited and
unlimited governments and explain the advantages and disadvantages of
systems of government. |
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J. |
Describe how the government protects individual and property
rights and promotes the common good. |
Explain how law protects individual rights and the common
good. |
Explain how law protects individual rights and the common
good. |
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K. |
Describe the purpose of symbols and holidays. |
Explain why symbols and holidays were created and the ideals
they commemorate. |
Explain why symbols and holidays were created and the ideals
they commemorate. |
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L. |
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M. |
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Interpret the impact of famous speeches and writings on
civic life. |
| 5.2 Rights and Responsibilities of
Citizenship |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Compare rights and
responsibilities of citizenship. |
Contrast the essential
rights and responsibilities of citizens in systems of government. |
Contrast the essential
rights and responsibilities of citizens in systems of government. |
| B. |
Explain the relationship
between rights and responsibilities. |
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Analyze citizens' rights
and responsibilities in local, state and national government. |
| C. |
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Analyze skills used to
resolve conflicts in society and government. |
| D. |
Describe the importance of
political leadership and public service. |
Analyze political
leadership and public service in a republican form of government. |
Analyze political
leadership and public service in a republican form of government. |
| E. |
Identify examples of the
rights and responsibilities of citizenship. |
Explain the importance of
the political process to competent and responsible participation in civic
life. |
Explain the importance of
the political process to competent and responsible participation in civic
life. |
| F. |
Describe the impact of the
consequences of violating rules and laws in a civil society. |
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Analyze the consequences of
violating laws of Pennsylvania compared to those of the United States. |
| G. |
Explain the importance of
participating in government and civic life. |
Analyze political and civic
participation in government and society. |
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| 5.3 How Government Works |
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6 Western Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American Cultures |
| A. |
Compare the structure,
organization and operation of local, state and national governments. |
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Explain the structure,
organization and operation of the local, state and national governments
including domestic and national policy-making. |
| B. |
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| C. |
Explain how government
actions affect citizens' daily lives. |
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| D. |
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| E. |
Identify major leaders of
local, state and national governments, their primary duties and their
political party affiliation. |
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| F. |
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Explain the election
process. |
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| G. |
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| H. |
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| I. |
Describe why and how
government raises money to pay for its operations and services. |
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| J. |
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| K. |
Describe forms of
government. |
Identify and explain
systems of government. |
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| 5.4 How International Relationships
Function |
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6 Western Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Explain the
concept of nation-states. |
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| B. |
Describe how
nation-states coexist in the world community. |
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| C. |
Describe the
governments of the countries bordering the United States and their
relationships with the United States. |
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| D. |
Describe the
processes that resulted in a treaty or agreement between the United States
and another nation-state. |
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| E. |
Explain how
nations work together in common environmental problems, natural disasters
and trade. |
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Economics
| 6.1 Economic Systems |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe and identify the
characteristics of traditional, command and market systems. |
Analyze the similarities and differences
in economic systems. |
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| B. |
Explain the three basic questions that
all economic systems attempt to answer. |
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| C. |
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| D. |
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| 6.2 Markets and Functions of Government |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe market transactions in terms of
goods, services, consumers and producers. |
Explain the flow of goods, services and
resources in a mixed economy. |
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| B. |
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| C. |
Explain the function of money and its
use in society. |
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| D. |
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| E. |
Explain how the interaction of buyers
and sellers determines prices and quantities exchanged. |
Explain the laws of supply and demand
and how these affect the prices of goods and services. |
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| F. |
Describe how prices influence both
buyers and sellers and explain why prices may vary for similar products. |
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| G. |
Explain how taxes affect the price of
goods and services. |
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Contrast the largest source of tax
revenue with where most tax revenue is spent in Pennsylvania. |
| H. |
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| I. |
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Explain how government provides public
goods. |
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| J. |
Explain the costs and benefits of
taxation. |
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| K. |
Explain how advertisements influence
perceptions of the costs and benefits of economic decisions. |
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| 6.3 Scarcity and Choice |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Explain how scarcity influences choices
and behaviors. |
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| B. |
Explain how limited resources and
unlimited wants cause scarcity. |
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| C. |
Describe the natural, human and capital
resources used to produce a specific good or service. |
Explain how resources can be used in
different ways to produce different goods and services. |
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| D. |
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| E. |
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| F. |
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| 6.4 Economic Interdependence |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of specialization and division of labor. |
Explain why specialization
may lead to increased production and consumption. |
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| B. |
Explain how specialization
leads to more trade between people and nations. |
Explain how trade may
improve a society's standard of living. |
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| C. |
Identify and define
imports, exports, interregional trade and international trade. |
Explain why governments
sometimes restrict or subsidize trade. |
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| D. |
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| E. |
Explain how specialization
and trade lead to interdependence. |
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| F. |
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| G. |
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| 6.5 Work and Earnings |
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6
Western Hemisphere |
7
World Cultures |
8 American Cultures |
| A. |
Recognize that the
availability of goods and services is the result of work by members of
society. |
Define wages and explain how
wages are determined by the supply of and demand for workers. |
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Geography
| 7.1 Basic Geographic Literacy |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe geographic tools and their
uses. |
Explain geographic tools and their uses. |
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| B. |
Describe and locate places and regions. |
Explain and locate places and regions. |
Explain and locate places and regions. |
| 7.2 Physical Characteristics of Places and
Regions |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe the physical characteristics of
places and regions. |
Explain the physical characteristics of
places and regions including spatial patterns of Earth's physical systems. |
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| B. |
Describe the physical processes that
shape patterns on Earth's surface. |
Explain the dynamics of the fundamental
processes that underlie the operation of Earth's physical systems. |
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| 7.3 Human Characteristics of Places and
Regions |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe the human characteristics of
places and regions by their population characteristics. |
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| B. |
Describe the human characteristics of
places and regions by their cultural characteristics. |
Explain the human
characteristics of places and regions by their cultural characteristics. |
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| C. |
Describe the human characteristics of
places and regions by their settlement characteristics. |
Explain the human
characteristics of places and regions by their settlement characteristics. |
Explain the human characteristics of
places and regions by their settlement characteristics. |
| D. |
Describe the human characteristics of
places and regions by their economic activity. |
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Explain the human characteristics of
places and regions by their economic activities. |
| E. |
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Explain the human characteristics of
places and regions by their political activities. |
| 7.4 Interactions Between People and Places |
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6 Western Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Describe the
impacts of physical systems on people. |
Explain the impacts of physical systems
on people. |
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| B. |
Describe the
impacts of people on physical systems. |
Explain the impacts of people on
physical systems. |
Explain the impacts of people on
physical systems. |
History
| 8.1 Historical Analysis and Skills
Development |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Understand chronological thinking and
distinguish between past, present and future time. |
Analyze chronological thinking. |
Analyze chronological thinking. |
| B. |
Explain and analyze historical sources. |
Analyze and interpret historical
sources. |
Analyze and interpret historical
sources. |
| C. |
Explain the fundamentals of historical
interpretation. |
Analyze the fundamentals of historical
interpretation. |
Analyze the fundamentals of historical
interpretation. |
| D. |
Describe and explain historical
research. |
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Analyze and interpret historical
research. |
| 8.2 Pennsylvania History |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
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Analyze the political and cultural
contributions of individuals and groups to Pennsylvania history from 1787
to 1914. |
| B. |
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Identify and analyze primary documents,
material artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history
from 1787 to 1914. |
| C. |
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Identify and analyze how continuity and
change have influenced Pennsylvania history from 1787 to 1914. |
| D. |
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| 8.3 United States History |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
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Identify and analyze the political and
cultural contributions of individuals and groups to United States history
form 1787 to 1914. |
| B. |
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Identify and analyze primary documents,
material artifacts and historic sites important in United States history
from 1787 to 1914. |
| C. |
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Analyze how continuity and change has
influences United States history from 1787 to 1914. |
| D. |
Identify and explain conflict and
cooperation among social groups and organizations in United States history
from beginnings to 1824. |
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Identify and analyze conflict and
cooperation among social groups and organizations in United States history
from 1787 to 1914. |
| 8.4 World History |
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6 Western
Hemisphere |
7 World Cultures |
8 American
Cultures |
| A. |
Identify and explain how individuals and
groups made significant political and cultural contributions to world
history. |
Analyze the significance of individuals
and groups who made major political and cultural contributions to world
history before 1500. |
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| B. |
Identify and explain important
documents, material artifacts and historic sites in world history. |
Analyze historical documents, material
artifacts and historic sites important to world history before 1500. |
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| C. |
Identify and explain how continuity and
change has affected belief systems, commerce and industry, innovations,
settlement patterns, social organization, transportation and women's
roles in world history. |
Analyze how continuity and change
throughout history has impacted belief systems and religions, commerce and
industry, innovations, settlement patterns, social organization,
transportation and roles of women before 1500. |
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| D. |
Explain how conflict and cooperation
among social groups and organizations affected world history. |
Analyze how conflict and cooperation
among social groups and organizations impacted world history through 1500
in Africa, Americas, Asia and Europe. |
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Approved by Mifflin
County School Board: April 24, 2003
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